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Design of computer tomograph
Bojková, Eva ; Lehocký, Peter (referee) ; Zvonek, Miroslav (advisor)
The graduation thesis is engaged in the design of computed tomography (CT). It is a piece of medical equipment which helps to define the diagnosis of a patient. The first part of the project is a research into contemporary stage and production of CT systems. Consequently the new design of computed tomography is designed in a way to maximise ergonomical, technical and aesthetic quality.
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Properties and the Use of Metal Foams
Křivánek, Robin ; Liškutín, Petr (referee) ; Němec, Karel (advisor)
In this thesis are summarized the findings of metal foams, with prevailing constraints on aluminum foam, because in them hides the greatest potential. The first part is described the production of porous materials, especially the way of floam production by thermal decomposition of floaming agent and melt gas injection. There are also written stress tests to gain a deeper knowledge of their properties, but also the latest exploring methods of foams, such as using a radioscopiy and CT scanner from which then creates a voxel model of foam. They are summarized here the basic ways of processing. Finally we must mention the possibility of using these materials with a focus on commercially produced foams Alporas® and Duocel®. Mass using foams mainly prevents high production costs and in some cases difficult reproducibility of properties.
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Emerging Trends in Dendrochronology
Horáček, Tomáš ; Neuwirthová, Ludmila (referee) ; Mikulka, Jan (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá popisem současných a experimentálních metod odběru vzorků pomocí presslerova nebozezu, výřezů z kmene, fotografie, rentgenu, počítačové tomografie a magnetické rezonance na poli dendrochronologického výzkumu. V práci jsou rozebírány destruktivní a nedesktruktivní metody odběru vzorků. Je také kladen důraz na původ vzorků: zdali je možno využít destruktivní metody nebo zdali je to nemožné jako v případě vzácných archeologických objektů. Dále popisuje standardní optometrickou metody a další experimentální metody fungujicí na principu kontranstního zpracování obrazu za účelem rozeznání letokruhů. V práci jsou také popsány různé druhy metod softwarového zpracovnání kde jako vstup slouží buď série dat nebo obraz letokruhů. Další rozdíly tvoří vymezené spektrum uvedených prací, některé práce se zaměřují na zpracování obrazu od píky tedy od pořízené fotografie až po hotové datovaní, některé však zajímá pouze úzký sektor dendrochronologie jako jsou například vady či špatně rozeznatelné letokruhy.
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Laboratory exercise for RTG imaging systems
Kuchař, Otakar ; Macíček, Ondřej (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to study the X-ray and computed tomography. The theoretical section explains the basic physical principles, elementary particle, atom and ionizing. The following parts of the thesis deal with topics from the origin and various types of X-ray, to interaction of X-ray with tissue and X-ray detection. For computed tomography the thesis also explains data collection, the reconstruction of image using simple back projection, filtered back projection and algebraic reconstruction. In the practical part are analysed several measurements which were taken in the X-ray chamber designed for educational purposes by Leybold. The topics solve the attenuation of X-rays depending on the type and thickness of the material and the spectrum of the X-ray radiation. In the field of computerized tomography solve tasks as the change of contrast, parameters of acquisition and methods for reconstruction. The work includes prepared sample solutions to a laboratory experiments.
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Modern Imaging Techniques in Medicine
Pařízek, Aleš ; Neuwirthová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rujbrová, Šárka (advisor)
Cílem této práce je popsat základní principy a fyzikální veličiny spjaté s jednotlivými zobrazovacími metodami a poté jednotlivé metody porovnat. Práce popisuje vznik rentgenového záření, jeho interakci s různými materiály a metody snímaní pro vytvoření obrazů. Dále se práce zabývá základním principem vytvoření 3D obrazů pomocí počítačové tomografie a jednotlivými generacemi tomografických strojů. V poslední části se práce věnuje principu nukleární magnetické resonance a základním parametrům pro vytvoření obrazů pomocí MRI systémů.
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Application of non-destructive methods determining the quality of glued wood bondlines
Dvořáková, Martina ; Brožovský, Jiří (referee) ; Vaněrek, Jan (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis is focused on the evaluation of timber elements by using non-destructive methods which are intended for the evaluation of glue lines. The main part of the work is focused on summarizing and the detailed description of selected non-destructive methods which can be used for glue line evaluation. There is also carried out the researche of selected scientific articles describing the application of non-destructive methods with regard to the evaluation of timber elements.
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Laser-driven hard X-ray source for imaging applications
Lamač, Marcel ; Nejdl, Jaroslav (advisor)
With the advent of high-power lasers in recent decades, a unique source of hard X-ray radiation has become availible. This source of collimated, broadband, femtosecond, incoherent and hard X-ray radiation is produced when a focused laser with intensity above 10^18 W/cm^2 collides with a gas target. The strong electric field of the laser pulse ionizes the gas and interacts with the plasma generating a strong plasma wake wave. This space charge separation inside the target generates longitudal electric fields of the order of 100 GV/m. This resulting electrostatic wakefield accelerates the electrons to relativistic velocities and causes them to travel in oscillatory motion behind the laser pulse, producing hard and collimated X-ray radiation. This thesis is focused on a theoretical evaluation and an experimental design of this laser-plasma X-ray source. Furthermore, we consider the source's unique properties for novel imaging applications.
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Received dose analysis of the Hospital Třebíč, p.o. staff during the radiodiagnostic examinations
ŠOTKOVSKÝ, Aleš
The discovery of X-rays, made by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, was a major turning point not only in medical diagnostics but also in medical science as a whole. The discovery gave rise to a new field of medicine - radiodiagnostics. The field of radiodiagnostics has seen a rapid development, mainly since 1970s. Today, radiodiagnostic imaging methods have an indispensable place in medicine and no medical facility can possibly work without them. With the current fast development in the field of radiodiagnostics, both the extent of X-ray examinations available to patients and the number of patients examined by X-rays have multiplied. Unfortunately, this brings along a higher risk of exposing medical staff to ionizing radiation effects and associated undesirable consequences. To keep the risk at the minimum level and at the same time maintain the number and quality of examinations performed, it is necessary to strictly obey the principles of radiation protection at facilities with sources of ionizing radiation. I addition, regular inspections must be done to check if these principles are obeyed in reality. That is why the doses of ionizing radiation received by staff working at such facilities are monitored and regularly assessed. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the doses received by staff working with sources of ionizing radiation at Třebíč Hospital during the past ten years, when the hospital saw a significant increase in patients examined by radiodiagnostic imaging methods. The thesis is divided into two parts - a theoretical section and a practical section. The theoretical section is based on both domestic and foreign literature. It describes the X-ray radiation itself, its origin, properties, effects and possible use. The theoretical section also explores ways to detect the radiation and the effects it has on living cells. There is a special focus on the protection from ionizing radiation, including the relevant legislation related to this subject and the individual principles of protection. The final chapter deals with dosimetry and thus relates to the research conducted in the practical section. The practical section is based on research. The objective of the research was to analyse the values of effective doses and equivalent doses measured in staff working at the Department of Radiodiagnostics and the central operation theatres in Třebíč Hospital from 2011 to 2021. The research sample included 51 staff members working at those departments for the whole ten-year-long period. The participants were divided into categories according to their departments and their job titles. During the period all staff members were monitored by personal film dosimeters produced by VF, a.s. company. The research was based on the data measured during the period in question.
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Blended learning for teaching radiology subjects
PELIKÁN, Jiří
The objective of my bachelor's thesis on Blended learning for teaching Radiology subjects, was to create a clear list of basic skiagraphic projections in radiodiagnostics, written instructions added to them, photographic documentation for easier understanding of the projection and teaching program in the Moodle ZSF JU environment. In the theoretical part of the work I dealt with the origin of X-rays, its properties and possibilities of use. I also mentioned the risks of its use, the need for proper radiation protection, and I analyzed the parts of the X-ray machine and the systems used in skiagraphy. In the practical part I created a list of standardly used skiagraphic projections. Using professional scripts, instructions, standards and experience of radiological staff of the Kyjov Hospital, I subsequently created a text manual for them, supplemented by photographic documentation of individual projections on a model. Subsequently, I created a tutorial in the Moodle ZSF JU environment, supplemented by a database of exam questions.
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Laser-driven hard X-ray source for imaging applications
Lamač, Marcel ; Nejdl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kozák, Martin (referee)
With the advent of high-power lasers in recent decades, a unique source of hard X-ray radiation has become availible. This source of collimated, broadband, femtosecond, incoherent and hard X-ray radiation is produced when a focused laser with intensity above 10^18 W/cm^2 collides with a gas target. The strong electric field of the laser pulse ionizes the gas and interacts with the plasma generating a strong plasma wake wave. This space charge separation inside the target generates longitudal electric fields of the order of 100 GV/m. This resulting electrostatic wakefield accelerates the electrons to relativistic velocities and causes them to travel in oscillatory motion behind the laser pulse, producing hard and collimated X-ray radiation. This thesis is focused on a theoretical evaluation and an experimental design of this laser-plasma X-ray source. Furthermore, we consider the source's unique properties for novel imaging applications.
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